Networking is a career-related process that focuses on proactive interaction with others. Its purpose is to gather information, advice, and referrals that will ultimately lead to interviews and employment offers. Since most job vacancies are not advertised and since most people find their jobs through personal contact and referral, networking is a process that is key to career success.

• Most job vacancies are "hidden", i.e., not advertised by means of newspapers, the internet, job bulletins, etc. This is true for approximately 70-80% of entry-level positions and 90 % of non-entry vacancies.
• Studies note that both employers and employees prefer informal and personal methods of job finding. Both groups believe personal contacts produce more in-depth, accurate, and up-to-date information which both groups need.
• Individuals who use personal contacts to find jobs are reported to be more satisfied with their jobs and tend to have higher incomes.

The procedures to follow in networking are based on common sense and courtesy; a good measure of persistence and hard work is also essential to success. You might start by composing two lists: one of the questions you would like to have answered; the other of people you know who may have some of the answers and/or may be able to refer you to additional contacts.

Before making this list, decide whether you are seeking career information or job search information. The question, "Could you tell me what you like best about your work in environmental consulting?" relates to career exploration, as compared to the question, "Can you think of any employees who may be hiring at this time?", which relates to a job search. It is important to be clear as to the types of information or referrals you really need before starting to network. You cannot expect others to understand your information needs until you are clear of them yourself.

You must start somewhere, and since many people feel a bit awkward or nervous about asking others for assistance, you may want to start with people you know quite well. It's great if you have friends or relatives who are employed in a field that interests you, but a list of such persons may be very short. Add many others to your list, people whose work is different from your interests but who may be able to refer you to other people who have a position or prior experience career areas that interest you. For example, the family physician or the neighbor across the street may be able to provide several great referrals. Try to create a list of at least 50 people.

Networking can be time consuming and frustrating. However, it remains the single most effective method of gathering career-related information and developing contacts that will ultimately lead to an enjoyable position. Learn to network and take a pro-active stance in shaping and reshaping your career.